SISO

SISO is the simplest antenna technology. In some environments, SISO systems are vulnerable to problems caused by multipath effects. When an electromagnetic field (EM field) is met with obstructions such as hills, canyons, buildings, and utility wires, the wavefronts are scattered, and thus they take many paths to reach the destination. The late arrival of scattered portions of the signal causes problems such as fading, cut-out (cliff effect), and intermittent reception (picket fencing). In a digital communications system, it can cause a reduction in data speed and an increase in the number of errors.

In order to minimize or eliminate problems caused by multipath wave propagation, smart antenna technology is used. There are three forms of smart antenna, known as SIMO (single input, multiple output), MISO (multiple input, single output), and MIMO (multiple input, multiple output).

Read more about SISO: - I. Stevanovic, A. Skrivervik, and J. R. Mosig discuss smart antennas in detail (PDF, 1900 KB).

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