 - A horn antenna is used for the transmission and reception of microwave signals. It derives its namefrom the characteristic flared appearance. The flared portion can be square, rectangular, or conical. The maximum radiation and responsecorresponds with the axis of the horn. In this respect, the antenna resembles anacoustic horn. It is usually fed with a waveguide.
In order to function properly, a horn antenna must be a certain minimum size relativeto the wavelength of the incoming or outgoingelectromagnetic field. If the horn istoo small or the wavelength is too large (the frequencyis too low), the antenna will not work efficiently. Horn antennas are commonly used as the active element in a dish antenna. The horn is pointed toward the centerof the dish reflector. The use of a horn, rather than a dipole antenna or any other type of antenna, atthe focal point of the dish minimizes loss of energy (leakage) around the edges of thedish reflector. It also minimizes the response of the antenna to unwanted signalsnot in the favored direction of the dish. Horn antennas are used all by themselves in short-range radar systems, particularlythose used by law-enforcement personnel to measure the speeds of approaching or retreatingvehicles.
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11 Apr 2003
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